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Background:
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Switzerland's
independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major
European powers and Switzerland was not involved in either of the two
World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the
past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and
international organizations has strengthened Switzerland's ties with
its neighbors. Switzerland is active in many UN and international
organizations, but retains a strong commitment to neutrality. |
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Location:
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Central Europe, east of
France, north of Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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47 00 N, 8 00 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 41,290 sq
km
water: 1,520 sq km
land: 39,770 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than
twice the size of New Jersey |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km,
Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km (landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none (landlocked) |
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Climate:
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temperate, but varies
with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm,
cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers |
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Terrain:
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mostly mountains (Alps
in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills,
plains, and large lakes |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point:
Lake Maggiore 195 m
highest point: Dufourspitze 4,634 m |
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Natural resources:
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hydropower potential,
timber, salt |
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Land use:
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arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 89% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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250 sq km (1998 est.)
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Natural hazards:
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avalanches, landslides,
flash floods |
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Environment - current issues:
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air pollution from
vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution
from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air
Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent
Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur
94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine
Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; crossroads
of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France and
northern Italy, has the highest elevations in Europe |
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Population:
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7,301,994 (July 2002
est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years:
16.8% (male 629,513; female 597,472)
15-64 years: 67.7% (male 2,512,273; female 2,433,396)
65 years and over: 15.5% (male 461,722; female 667,618) (2002
est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.24% (2002 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.84 births/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8.79 deaths/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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1.37 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2002 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05
male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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4.42 deaths/1,000 live
births (2002 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population:
79.86 years
female: 82.89 years (2002 est.)
male: 76.98 years |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.47 children
born/woman (2002 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.46% (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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17,000 (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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150 (1999 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun: Swiss
(singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss |
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Ethnic groups:
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German 65%, French 18%,
Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 46.1%,
Protestant 40%, other 5%, none 8.9% (1990) |
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Languages:
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German (official)
63.7%, French (official) 19.2%, Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch
0.6%, other 8.9% |
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Literacy:
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definition: age
15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% (1980 est.)
male: NA%
female: NA% |
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Country name:
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conventional long
form: Swiss Confederation
conventional short form: Switzerland
local short form: Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera
(Italian)
local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German),
Confederation Suisse (French), Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) |
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Government type:
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federal republic |
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Capital:
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Bern |
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Administrative divisions:
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26 cantons (cantons,
singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian;
kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausser-Rhoden,
Appenzell Inner-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg,
Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden,
Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau,
Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich |
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Independence:
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1 August 1291 (Founding
of the Swiss Confederation) |
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National holiday:
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Founding of the Swiss
Confederation, 1 August (1291) |
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Constitution:
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29 May 1874 |
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Legal system:
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civil law system
influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts,
except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory
character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age;
universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state:
President Kasper VILLIGER (since 1 January 2002); Vice President
Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2002); note - the president is both
the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Kasper VILLIGER (since 1 January
2002); Vice President Pascal COUCHEPIN (since 1 January 2002); note -
the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil
Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) elected by the
Federal Assembly from among its own members for a four-year term
elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal
Assembly from among the members of the Federal Council for one-year
terms that run concurrently; election last held 5 December 2001 (next
to be held NA December 2002)
election results: Kasper VILLIGER elected president; percent of
Federal Assembly vote - 74.4%; Pascal COUCHEPIN elected vice
president; percent of legislative vote - 58.5% |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Federal
Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblee Federale (in
French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of the Council of
States or Standerat (in German), Conseil des Etats (in French),
Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats - members serve four-year
terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil
National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats -
members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional
representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Council of States - last held NA 1999 (each canton
determines when the next election will be held); National Council -
last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2003)
election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party
- NA%; seats by party - FDP 18, CVP 15, SVP 7, SPS 6; National Council
- percent of vote by party - SPS 22.5%, SVP 22.6%, FDP 19.9%, CVP
15.8%, other small parties all under 5%; seats by party - SPS 51, SVP
44, FDP 43, CVP 35, Green Party 9, other small parties 18 |
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Judicial branch:
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Federal Supreme Court
(judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Christian Democratic
People's Party (Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP,
Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano
Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or
PCD) [Philipp STAEHELIN, president]; Green Party (Grune Partei der
Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito
Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda)
[Ruth GENNER and Patrice MUGNY, co-presidents]; Radical Free
Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP,
Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale
Svizzero or PLR) [Gerold BUEHRER, president]; Social Democratic Party
(Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse
or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica
de la Svizra or PSS) [Christiane BRUNNER, president]; Swiss People's
Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre
or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal
Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, AfDB, AsDB,
Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO,
G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer),
MONUC, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA,
PFP, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE,
UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO, ZC |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Christian BLICKENSTORFER
consulate(s): Boston
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles,
New York, and San Francisco
FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564
telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900
chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission:
Ambassador Mercer REYNOLDS III
embassy: Jubilaeumstrasse 93, 3001 Bern
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [41] (031) 357 70 11
FAX: [41] (031) 357 73 44 |
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Flag description:
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red square with a bold,
equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the
edges of the flag |
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Economy - overview:
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Switzerland is a
prosperous and stable modern market economy with a per capita GDP
higher than that of the big western European economies. The Swiss in
recent years have brought their economic practices largely into
conformity with the EU's to enhance their international
competitiveness. Although the Swiss are not pursuing full EU
membership in the near term, in 1999 Bern and Brussels signed
agreements to further liberalize trade ties. They continue to discuss
further areas for cooperation. Switzerland remains a safe haven for
investors, because it has maintained a degree of bank secrecy and has
kept up the franc's long-term external value. The GDP growth rate
dipped to 1.6% in 2001, and the government projects that it will slow
further to 1.3% in 2002. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity
- $226 billion (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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1.6% (2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity
- $31,100 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 2%
industry: 34%
services: 64% (2001 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1992) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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33.1 (1992) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1% (2001) |
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Labor force:
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4 million (2001) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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services 69.1%,
industry 26.3%, agriculture 4.6% (1998) |
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Unemployment rate:
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1.8% (2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $30
billion
expenditures: $30 billion, including capital expenditures of
$NA (2001 est.) |
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Industries:
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machinery, chemicals,
watches, textiles, precision instruments |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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3.2% (2001) |
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Electricity - production:
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64.182 billion kWh
(2000) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel:
3.96%
hydro: 56.81%
other: 2.3% (2000)
nuclear: 36.93% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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52.62 billion kWh
(2000) |
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Electricity - exports:
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31.4 billion kWh (2000)
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Electricity - imports:
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24.33 billion kWh
(2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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grains, fruits,
vegetables; meat, eggs |
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Exports:
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$91.4 billion (f.o.b.,
2001) |
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Exports - commodities:
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machinery, chemicals,
metals, watches, agricultural products |
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Exports - partners:
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EU 59% (Germany 21%,
France 9%, Italy 8%, UK 6%, Austria 3%), US 13%, Japan 4% (2000) |
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Imports:
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$91.4 billion (f.o.b.,
2001) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery, chemicals,
vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles |
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Imports - partners:
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EU 74% (Germany 29%,
France 10%, Italy 9%, Netherlands 6%, UK 6%), US 8%, Japan 3% (2000)
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - donor:
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ODA, $1.1 billion
(1995) |
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Currency:
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Swiss franc (CHF) |
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Currency code:
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CHF |
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Exchange rates:
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Swiss francs per US
dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022
(1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Communications |
Switzerland |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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4.82 million (1998)
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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1.967 million (1999)
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Telephone system:
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general assessment:
excellent domestic and international services
domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic
Ocean and Indian Ocean) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 4, FM 113 (plus many
low power stations), shortwave 2 (1998) |
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Radios:
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7.1 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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115 (plus 1,919
repeaters) (1995) |
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Televisions:
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3.31 million (1997)
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Internet country code:
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.ch |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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44 (Switzerland and
Liechtenstein) (2000) |
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Internet users:
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3.41 million (2001)
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Transportation |
Switzerland |
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Railways:
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total: 4,406 km
standard gauge: 3,440 km 1.435-m gauge
dual gauge: 56 km 1.435-m and 1.000-m gauges (3 rail system)
note: Swiss railways are virtually all electrified (2001)
narrow gauge: 900 km 1.000-m gauge; 10 km 0.800-m gauge |
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Highways:
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total: 71,059 km
(including 1,638 km of expressways)
paved: 71,059 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999) |
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Waterways:
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65 km
note: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden
and Schaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 314 km;
natural gas 1,506 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Basel |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 26 ships
(1,000 GRT or over) totaling 509,943 GRT/896,309 DWT
ships by type: bulk 15, cargo 6, chemical tanker 4, petroleum
tanker 1
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a
flag of convenience:, United Kingdom 6, United States 1 (2002 est.)
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Airports:
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66 (2001) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 42
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 15 (2001)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 24
under 914 m: 24 (2001) |
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Heliports:
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1 (2001) |
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Military branches:
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Army, Air Force,
Frontier Guards, Fortification Guards |
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Military manpower - military age:
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20 years of age (2002
est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49:
1,841,867 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49:
1,561,689 (2002 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 42,597
(2002 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$2.548 billion (FY01)
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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1% (FY01) |
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Transnational Issues |
Switzerland |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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Illicit drugs:
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because of more
stringent government regulations, used significantly less as a
money-laundering center; transit country for and consumer of South
American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin |
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